Virtual Gallery of Historic New Brunswick

Early Paintings, Prints, and Photographs of New Brunswick, 1750-1920

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Thomas Davies 1758 A View of the Plundering and Burning of Grimross NGC no 6270.jpg "A View of the Plundering and Burning of Grimross", 1758, monochrome watercolour by Lt. Thomas Davies. "Grimross" was a French village on the site of present-day Gagetown on the St. John River. The village of some 300 inhabitants was sacked and burned to the ground by a British force from Fort Frederick led by Colonel Robert Monckton in October 1758 during the Seven Years Wars between France and England. Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 6270.

Hervey Smyth and Francis Swaine 1760 A View of Miramichi NGC no 4976.jpg "A View of Miramichi", 1760, oil painting by Francis Swaine after a view by Captain Hervey Smyth. Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 4976.

Hervey Smyth and Paul Sandby 1760 A View of the Miramichi NYPL Emmett Collection EM4433.jpg "A View of Miramichi, a French settlement in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, destroyed by Brigadier Murray detached by General Wolfe for that purpose, from the Bay of Gaspe", 1760. Engraved by Paul Sandby and retouched by P. Benazech, after a sketch by Captain Hervey Smyth. Based on the same sketch as the painting above. Credit: New York Public Library/Emmett Collection/EM4433.

Joseph F W Des Barres 1780 The north point of Grand Manan Island in the Bay of Fundy - aquatint with etching - LC-USZ62-46054 "The North Point of Grand Manan Island in the Bay of Fundy", 1780, aquatint with etching by Joseph F. W. Des Barres, published in The American Neptune. The view is from two leagues distant, bearing east by northeast. Credit: Library of Congress/LC-USZ62-46054.

Joseph F W Des Barres 1780 View of Campo Bello at the entrance of Passamaquoddy Bay - aquatint with etching LC-USZ62-31951 "A View of Campobello Island at the entrance of Passamaquoddy Bay", 1780, aquatint with etching by Joseph F. W. Des Barres, published in The American Neptune. Credit: Library of Congress/LC-USZ62-31951.

Henry Holland view of Grand Falls, St. John River NB ca. 1782.jpg "A View of the Great Falls (Grand Falls) on the Height of Lands on the River St. John", ca. 1782, watercolour by Lt. Henry Holland. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/ Peter Winkworth Collection/C-149840.

Grand Falls by George Heriot, 29 Jul 1807, NA C-002898.jpg "View of the Great Falls (Grand Falls) of the Saint John", 29 July 1807, grey and green wash over pencil by George Heriot. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-002898.

St. John River by George Heriot, ca. 1807, NA C-012771.jpg "St. John River", ca. 1807, watercolour over pencil by George Heriot. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-012771.

Presqu'isle by George Heriot, July 1807, NA C-012724.jpg "Presqu'isle, St. John River", 20 July 1807, blue, grey and black wash over pencil by George Heriot. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-012724.

George Heriot 23 July 1807 View on the River St. John near the Poquioq.jpg "View on the River St. John near the Poquioq [Pokiok]", 23 July 1807, brown wash by George Heriot. Credit: Royal Ontario Museum/953.132.2.

Fall of the Pokiok St. John River by George Heriot.jpg "Fall of the Poquioq [Pokiok] River, St. John River", ca. 1807, brown wash over pencil by George Heriot. Credit: Royal Ontario Museum/953.132.29.

Springhill - George D Ludlow house 1807 by George Heriot.jpg "Chief Justice George Duncan Ludlow's home on the St. John River at Springhill, five miles above Fredericton", 1807, by George Heriot. Credit: Royal Ontario Museum/950.31.

River St. John from the deck of a Steamboat 1817 by John E. Woolford.jpg "View on the River St. John from the deck of a Steamboat", 1817, by John E. Woolford, published in John Elliott Woolford, Sketches Of Nova Scotia (1817). Launched in 1816, the General Smyth was the first steamboat in New Brunswick. Credit: Nova Scotia Museum/78.45.117.

John E Woolford 1817 On the River St John from the Northeast NSM 78.45.113 "On the River St. John from the Northeast", 1817, by John E. Woolford, published in John Elliott Woolford, Sketches Of Nova Scotia (1817). Credit: Nova Scotia Museum/78.45.113.

River St. John 1817 by John E. Woolford.jpg "Falls on the River St. John from the Southeast", 1817, by John E. Woolford, published in John Elliott Woolford, Sketches Of Nova Scotia (1817). Credit: Nova Scotia Museum/78.45.114.

Joseph Bouchette 1817 boundary marker (4K) "Inscription on the New Monument erected at the Source of the St. Croix on the 31st of July 1817", lithograph by Louis Haghe after a sketch by Col. Joseph Bouchette, published in Joseph Bouchette, The British Dominions (London 1831). The monument marked the source of the St. Croix River for purposes of determining the boundary between New Brunswick and Maine--the boundary between the United States and British North America. The surveying group with Bouchette and John Johnson of the U. S. was performing work for the boundary commission created by the Treaty of Ghent which had ended the War of 1812. Note the iron hoop on a beech tree to the left of the new monument--it was an old marker fixed in 1797 by surveyors Samuel Titcomb and John Harris. Credit: Robert Fisher.

R Thresher  [1769] Beaubears Island - John & Alexander Fraser establishment - GH 996.9.1.jpg "Beaubear's Island, Miramichi – The Commercial Establishment of John and Alexander Fraser and Co.", ca. 1825, oil painting by R. Thresher. Credit: New Brunswick Heritage Branch/GH 996.9.1.

Joseph Bouchette 1832 Mars Hill wc LAC C047011.jpg "Mars Hill", 1832, watercolour by Joseph Bouchette. Mars Hill was a pivotal reference point in the boundary dispute between New Brunswick and Maine in the 1820s. Forty miles from the source of the St. Croix River (not far from Woodstock), the British argued that it marked the "highlands" referred to in the Treaty of Ghent, at which the border line drawn due north from the source of the St. Croix should terminate. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-047011.

Edward N Kendall and S Russell Aug 1834 Erecting the Mill dam at Stanley LAC C021959.jpg "Erecting the Mill dam at Stanley", August 1834. Coloured lithograph by S. Russell (Day and Haghe Lithographers) after Edward N. Kendall. Published in Sketches in New Brunswick showing the Nature, & Description of the Land in the Tract Purchase by the N.B. & N.S. Land Co. in the Year 1833 (London: Ackermann, 1836). Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-021959.

William P Kay Oct 1834 Process of Clearing town plot Stanley LAC C000017.jpg "Process of Clearing the town plot of Stanley", October 1834. Coloured lithograph by S. Russell (Day and Haghe Lithographers) after William P. Kay. Published in Sketches in New Brunswick showing the Nature, & Description of the Land in the Tract Purchase by the N.B. & N.S. Land Co. in the Year 1833 (London: Ackermann, 1836). Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-000017.

Philip Harry June 1835 Tavern built of logs at Stanley published by Ackermann 1836 LAC C004089.jpg "Tavern built of logs at Stanley", June 1835. Coloured lithograph by S. Russell (Day and Haghe Lithographers) after Philip Harry. Published in Sketches in New Brunswick showing the Nature, & Description of the Land in the Tract Purchase by the N.B. & N.S. Land Co. in the Year 1833 (London: Ackermann, 1836). Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-004089.

Philip Harry and S Russell Aug 1835 General view of Stanley from the road LAC C007163.jpg "General View of Stanley from the Road", August 1835. Coloured lithograph by S. Russell (Day and Haghe Lithographers) after Philip Harry. Published in Sketches in New Brunswick showing the Nature, & Description of the Land in the Tract Purchase by the N.B. & N.S. Land Co. in the Year 1833 (London: Ackermann, 1836). Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-007163.

Philip Harry Aug 1835 The Mill at Stanley LAC C003552.jpg "The Mill at Stanley", August 1835. Coloured lithograph by S. Russell (Day and Haghe Lithographers) after Philip Harry. Published in Sketches in New Brunswick showing the Nature, & Description of the Land in the Tract Purchase by the N.B. & N.S. Land Co. in the Year 1833 (London: Ackermann, 1836). Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-007163.

Richard G A Levinge ca 1836 Salmon fishing by torchlight wc LAC C035960.jpg "Salmon fishing by torchlight", ca. 1836, watercolour by Sir Richard George Augustus Levinge. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-035960.

Frederick Wells and William Day ca 1840 St Andrews with harbour and bay LAC C016386.jpg "View of the Town of St. Andrew's with its magnificent Harbour and Bay", ca. 1840. Coloured lithograph by William Day (Day and Son Lithographers) after a sketch by Frederick Wells. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-016386.

Woodstock looking across the river by Alexander C. Mercer 1840.jpg "Looking across the St. John River from Woodstock", 25 or 26 June 1840, watercolour over pencil by Alexander C. Mercer. The view is from a window in Mrs. Grover's tavern in Woodstock. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-013790.

Alexander C Mercer 26 June 1840 St John River at Woodstock - LAC C-035988.jpg "St. John River at Woodstock", 26 June 1840, watercolour over pencil by Alexander C. Mercer. The view is "from the shore under the bank at Woodstock, looking down the St. John's. Alongside is one of the track-boats used to carry goods between Fredericton and Woodstock". Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-035988.

Alexander C Mercer 29 June 1840 - Junction of the Fall (Little) River at Grand Falls - LAC C-013796.jpg "Junction of the Fall (Little) River at Grand Falls", 29 June 1840, watercolour over pencil by Alexander C. Mercer. The view is from Ryan's Tavern, Grand Falls: "In front is the junction of the Fall River with the St. John's into which it comes exactly at the head of the Falls". An inscription that is crossed out states that on the right is part of Sir John Calder's cottage. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-013796.

Alexander C Mercer 29 June 1840 View from Ryans tavern at Grand Falls - LAC C-013793.jpg "View at Grand Falls from the verandah of Ryan's Tavern", 29 June 1840, watercolour over pencil by Alexander C. Mercer. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-013793.

Alexander C Mercer 18 July 1841 Eastern entrance of St Andrews harbour - LAC C-002899.jpg "Eastern Entrance to the Harbour of St. Andrew's", 18 July 1841, watercolour over pencil by Alexander C. Mercer. Deer Island is in the distance and the steamer Nova Scotia (Captain Reid) is coming in to the harbour. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-002899.

Philip John Bainbrigge [1836-1842] Junction of the Madawaska and St John wc LAC C011852k.jpg "Junction of the Madawaska and St. John Rivers", [ca. 1836-1842], watercolour over pencil by Philip John Bainbrigge. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-011852.

Philip John Bainbrigge [1842] Block House Junction of the Madawaska and St John wc LAC C000918.jpg "Block House at the Junction of the Madawaska and St. John Rivers", 1842, watercolour over pencil by Philip John Bainbrigge. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-000918.

Sleighing in New Brunswick 1843, by Richard G. A. Levinge, NGC.jpg "Sleighing in New Brunswick", 1843, watercolour over pencil by Sir Richard George Augustus Levinge. Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 9933.

Grand Falls 1843 by Henry James Warre, NA C-031258.jpg "Grand Falls, St. John River", 1843, watercolour over pencil by Lt. Henry James Warre. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-031258.

James C Clarke 1854 76th cod fishing St Andrews wc w bi over pencil LAC C039744.jpg "76th Regiment cod fishing near St. Andrew's", 1854, watercolour by Lt. James C. Clarke. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-039744

James C Clarke 1854 Ambush capture of deserters at Bryants Bridge near St Andrews - LAC C-043156.jpg "Ambush capture of deserters at Bryant's Bridge near St. Andrew's", 1854, watercolour by Lt. James C. Clarke. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-043156

James C Clarke 1854 Detachment of 76th putting out fire St Andrews wc and bc LAC C039749k.jpg "Detachment of the 76th Regiment putting out a fire in St. Andrew's", 1854, watercolour by Lt. James C. Clarke. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-039749.

James C Clarke 1854 Detachment of the 76th in pursuit of deserters St Andrews wc LAC C039748.jpg "Detachment of the 76th Regiment in pursuit of deserters near St. Andrew's", 1854, watercolour by Lt. James C. Clarke. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-039748.

W J Peirce and [Charles A] Barry 28 Mar 1857 Ballou's Pictorial Bathurst on the Chaleur Bay.jpg "Bathurst on the Chaleur Bay", 1857. Wood engraving by W. J. Peirce after a drawing by [Charles A.] Barry, published in Ballou's Pictorial (Boston Mass.), 28 March 1857. The publication correctly places Bathurst on the Chaleur Bay but inaccurately identifies the province as Newfoundland instead of New Brunswick. Credit: Rob Fisher.

W J Peirce and [Charles A] Barry 28 Mar 1857 Ballou's Pictorial Grand Falls on the Nipisiguit river "Grand Falls on the Nipisiguit River", 1857. Wood engraving by W. J. Peirce after a drawing by [Charles A.] Barry, published in Ballou's Pictorial (Boston, Mass.), 28 March 1857. Credit: Rob Fisher.

Winter lumbering in New Brunswick "Lumbering in New Brunswick - Lumbermen at work in the forest". Engraving by Johannes Oertel, published in the Illustrated London News, 23 August 1858. Credit: Rob Fisher.

William Hickman and F Jones 1857 Morning at the mid landing Nipisaguit LAC C112115.jpg "Morning at the mid landing", Nipisiguit River, 1857. Coloured lithograph by F. Jones (Day and Son Lithographers) after William Hickman. Published in Sketches on the Nipisaguit, A River of New Brunswick, British North America (Halifax: John B. Strong, 1860). Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-112115.

William Hickman and F Jones ca 1860 Bathurst LAC C017505.jpg "Town of Bathurst", ca. 1860. Coloured lithograph by F. Jones (Day and Son Lithographers) after William Hickman. Published in Sketches on the Nipisaguit, A River of New Brunswick, British North America (Halifax: John B. Strong, 1860). Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-017505.

William Hickman ca 1858 Scene on the Restigouche near Henderson Camp wc LAC PW C150567.jpg "Scene on the Restigouche River near Henderson Camp", ca. 1857-1863, watercolour by William Hickman. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/Peter Winkworth collection/C-150567.

A P Leitch 1862 St Andrews harbour and bay ILN 1 Feb 1862 (4K) "St. Andrew's Harbour and Bay", 1862, engraving by A. P. Leitch, published in the Illustrated London News, 1 February 1862. Credit: public domain.

Henry Hope Crealock 1862 How the Guards crossed New Brunswick pencil LAC PW e001201116.jpg "How the Guards crossed New Brunswick", 1862, pencil sketch by Colonel Henry Hope Crealock. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/Peter Winkworth collection/ e001201116.

Henry Hope Crealock 1862 Sunset in Winter - LAC Winkworth e001201087.jpg "Sunset in Winter", 1862, watercolour and gouache over pencil by Colonel Henry Hope Crealock. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/Peter Winkworth collection/ e001201087.

Anonymous 1863 Caribou Hunting in New Brunswick the start hand coloured 18 Jan 1863 ILN web (5K) "Caribou Hunting in New Brunswick - The Start", 1863, anonymous artist and engraver, published in the Illustrated London News, 18 January 1863. The print, subsequently hand-coloured, appeared originally in the Illustrated London News along side the following print which shows the grisly conclusion of the hunt. Credit: public domain.

Anonymous 1863 Caribou hunting in New Brunswick in at the death ILN 18 Jan 1863 (4K) "Caribou Hunting in New Brunswick - In at the Death", 1863, anonymous artist and engraver, published in the Illustrated London News, 18 January 1863. Credit: public domain.

Anonymous 1866 Timber booms St John River ILN 7 Apr 1866 (4K) "Timber Booms on the St. John River", 1866, anonymous artist and engraver, published in the Illustrated London News, 7 April 1866. Timber booms such as this would have been a common sight on the St. John River in the 19th century. Credit: Rob Fisher.

Wm Hart and Robt Hinshelwood 1871 Whale Cove Grand Manan Ladies Repository Cinci.jpg "Whale Cove, Grand Manan Island", 1871. Engraving by Robert Hinshelwood after a painting by William Hart, published in the Ladies Repository of Cincinnati. Note the incorrect spelling--Grand "Mannan"--on the print. Credit: Rob Fisher.

Anonymous Canadian Illustrated News 16 Mar 1872 View looking up the river St John 3 miles above Grand Falls. "View looking up the river St. John 3 miles above Grand Falls", 1872, engraver anonymous, after a photograph by George T. Taylor, published in the Canadain Illustrated News, 16 March 1872. Credit: Public Domain.

Gray 3 Aug 1872 Mount Allison Wesleyan College and Academies Sackville. "Mount Allison Wesleyan College and Academies, Sackville", 1872, engraver anonymous, after a sketch by Professor Gray, published in Canadian Illustrated News, 3 August 1872, Vol.VI, No.5, p.68. Credit: Library and Archives Canada.

Anonymous 10 Aug 1872 Mill at French Fort Cove, Miramichi "Mill at French Fort Cove, Miramichi", 1872, engraver and artist anonymous, published in Canadian Illustrated News, 10 August 1872, Vol.VI, No.6, p.85. Credit: Library and Archives Canada.

Eugene Haberer and William Ogle Carlisle 21 Dec 1872 View up the Miramichi River from Newcastle. "View up the Miramichi River from Newcastle", 1872, engraved by Eugene Haberer from a sketch by William Ogle Carlisle, published in Canadian Illustrated News, 21 December 1872, Vol.VI, No.25, p.388. Credit: Library and Archives Canada.

James McClure bef 1874 Green Head Saint John River NGC no 32199.7.jpg "Green Head, St. John River", before 1874, photograph by James McClure (albumen silver print). Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 32199.7.

James McClure bef 1874 Loch Lomond near Saint John NGC no 32199.6.jpg "Loch Lomond near Saint John", before 1874, photograph by James McClure (albumen silver print). Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 32199.6.

Lucius R. O'Brien 1878 The Grand Cross, Gull Cliffs, Grand Manan NGC no. 36809 "The Grand Cross, Gull Cliffs, Grand Manan Island", 1878, watercolour over pencil by Lucius R. O'Brien. Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 36809.

Lucius R. O'Brien 1880 Grand Manan eel brook bay wc over pencil NGC no 18534 "Eel Brook Bay, Grand Manan Island", 1880, watercolour over pencil by Lucius R. O'Brien. Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 18534.

John Henry Phair - Tobique narrows water colour ca. 1880.jpg Camping at the Tobique Narrows, ca. 1880, watercolour by John Henry Phair of Fredericton. Credit: Fred Bradley private collection.

John Henry Phair - unidentified location - Fred Bradley private collection.jpg New Brunswick, unidentified location, ca. 1880, watercolour by John Henry Phair of Fredericton. Credit: Fred Bradley private collection.

William G R Hind [ca 1870s] On the coast of St John oil LACC096621.jpg "On the Coast of Saint John [Bay of Fundy]", ca. 1870-1880, oil painting by William G. R. Hind. Hind moved to New Brunswick in the 1870s where he was employed by the Intercolonial Railway. He died in Sussex in 1889. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-096621.

William G R Hind 1890 Harvesting Hay Sussex NB paint LAC C103003.jpg "Harvesting Hay, Sussex, New Brunswick", ca. 1880, oil painting by William G. R. Hind. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/C-103003.

New Brunswick Landscape by William G.R. Hind ca. 1879-1889 NGC no. 30195.jpg "New Brunswick Landscape", ca. 1879-1889, watercolour and gouache with gum arabic by William G. R. Hind. Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 30195.

Picturesque Canada 1882 Junction of the Tay and Nashwaak - web.jpg "Junction of the Tay and Nashwaak rivers", 1882. Engraver and artist unknown, published in George Monro Grant, Picturesque Canada (Toronto 1882), vol. 2, p.760b. Credit: Public Domain.

George T Taylor 1888 Portage oil painting Beaverbrook 1969.26.jpg "Portage", 1888, oil painting by George T. Taylor. Credit: Beaverbrook Gallery/1969.26.

Grand Falls, St. John River, New Brunswick 1890 by Lucius R. OBrien NGC no. 7757.jpg "Grand Falls, St. John River", 1890, watercolour over pencil by Lucius R. O'Brien. Credit: National Gallery of Canada/No. 7757.

A Capel 1891 View from the Chamaris Hotel verandah wc over pencil LAC PW C150438.jpg "View from the Chamaris Hotel verandah", September 1891, watercolour over pencil by [Ava] Capel. Credit: Library and Archives Canada/Peter Winkworth collection/C-150438.

Woodstock Main Street ca 1900 Isaac Erb PANB P11-84.jpg "Main Street, Woodstock", ca. 1900, photograph by Isaac Erb. Credit: Provincial Archives of New Brunswick/P11-84.

Woodstock ca 1903 H. F. Albright PANB P530-13.jpg "Town of Woodstock from across the St. John River", ca. 1903, photograph by H. F. Albright. Credit: Provincial Archives of New Brunswick/P530-13.

R B Miller [ca 1910] A typical camp scene in New Brunswick NYPL Pageant of America Collection.jpg "A typical camp scene in New Brunswick", [ca. 1910], photograph by R. B. Miller. Credit: New York Public Library/Pageant of America Collection.

R B Miller [ca 1910] Douglas Booms above Fredericton a sorting and rafting gap NYPL Pageant of America collection.jpg "Douglas Booms above Fredericton, a sorting and rafting gap", [ca. 1910], photograph by R. B. Miller. The Douglas Booms were located at Springhill, close by were the rival Glasier Booms. Credit: New York Public Library/Pageant of America collection.

R B Miller [ca 1910] Putting floaters on top of a joint St. John River Douglas Boom NYPL Pageant of America Collection.jpg "Putting floaters on top of a joint, St. John River, Douglas Boom", [ca. 1910], photograph by R. B. Miller. Credit: New York Public Library/Pageant of America collection.

unknown [nd ca 1910] A jam at Grand Falls St John River NYPL Pageant of America Collection.jpg "A Jam at Grand Falls, St. John River", [ca. 1910], photograph by R. B. Miller. Credit: New York Public Library/Pageant of America collection.




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